ABSTRACT
Background: Though the supply to the human brachialis muscle by radial nerve has been investigated by manyauthors in past, but there is no consistency in these reports. The aim of the present study was to record theanatomical variations in radial nerve supply to the brachialis muscle.Materials and Methods: The material of the study consisted of 62 superior extremities obtained from dissectionlaboratory of department of anatomy, Medical College Baroda (Gujarat). All these extremities belonged to adultcadavers of known sex.Human brachialis muscle was identified with its proximal and distal attachment. The radial nerve branchinnervating to brachialis was identified and parameters like presence or absence of radial nerve branchinnervating to brachialis; number of branches; its length; site of emergence and its distance from lateral epicondyleand site of entry into brachialis were noted.Result: Brachialis muscle was innervated by a branch from radial nerve in 87.09% of cases. Varying number ofradial nerve branches (1 to 3) innervated the brachialis muscle. Most of these branches (91.93%) entered thelower one third of the muscle. The average length of these muscular branches was 9.17mm. The average distancefrom the site of emergence to the lateral epicondyle of humerus was 6.54 cm.Conclusion: Significant variations in supply of brachialis muscle were recorded. These variations are of clinicalimportance for surgeons, orthopaedicians and anaesthetists.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hippocampus is one of the key parts of limbic system. It is located in the floor of the inferior hornof lateral ventricle.Materials and methods: The study is conducted on 50 Hippocampi removed from 25 cadaveric brains in MedicalCollege Baroda, Gujarat. The volume of each is measured by water displacement method.Results: It is observed that the mean volume for the sample is 2.26+0.88cc. The mean volume on right side is2.37+0.88cc and on the left side is 2.12+0.88cc. The mean volumes seen in male and female hippocampi are2.14+0.70cc and 2.52+1.21cc respectively. The mean volume in the age group 60-80 years is 2.55+0.65cc and inthe age group 81 years onwards, it is 2.0+1.03cc. The difference in volumes of the two age groups is found to bestatistically significant.Conclusion: The study will be useful to anatomists, Neurologists, Neurosurgeons and psychiatrists alike.
ABSTRACT
Background: Nose is an important anatomical and physiological part of face. Its anatomy considerably affectsits function of inhalation and temperature regulation of inspired air. The anatomy is affected by genetic, racialas well as geographical factors. The aim of the study was to measure nasal height and width in the populationbeing studied so as to calculate nasal index and classify noses on the basis of calculated index.Materials and method: The study was conducted on 159 healthy volunteers aged 18-25 years in Medical CollegeBaroda, Gujarat. Nasal height and Nasal width were measured by digital vernier caliper and the nasal index wascalculated. The type of nose was determined on the basis of the nasal index.Results: In the present study the mean nasal index is found to be 73.28+10. Mean nasal index is observed as106.46+6.24 in males & 71.94+8.02 in females. The t test value calculated is 26.725 at CI 95% with P<0.0001showing highly significant difference in nasal indices of male and female. Mesorrhine is the commonest nasaltype found.Conclusion: The study will be highly useful to plastic surgeons, craniofacial surgeons, otolaryngologists,anatomists, forensic experts, orthodontists and medical illustrators alike.
ABSTRACT
Background: Pterion is present in floor of temporal fossa which is a meeting point of four bones, frontal and parietal bone superiorly and the greater wing of sphenoid and squamous temporal bone inferiorly. It is ‘H-shaped’ in most of the skulls. The most common variation is in its shape and presence of epipteric bone. Aim : To report the various types of pterion and incidence of epipteric bones in the human skulls and to compare with other racial groups from previous study. Methods: The present study was conducted using 311 dry, grossly normal human skulls from sources in Gujarat. Different types of pterion and the presence of epipteric bones were observed. Results: In the present study sphenoparietal variety of pterion was predominant and the incidence of epipteric bone was 11.73%. Conclusion: Knowledge of the presence of epipteric bones are important to prevent complications during burr hole surgery and to prevent misdiagnosis of fracture skull at the site of pterion.